复合材料的分类
材质分类
基体材料：聚合物基、陶瓷基、金属基
增强相形状：纤维增强、颗粒增强、层状
性能分类
结构复合材料：承受荷载，维持结构特性
功能复合材料：具有特定功能，如电学、光学
以纤维增强陶瓷复合材料为例
陶瓷材料具有耐热、耐磨、耐蚀和抗氧化性，但缺乏韧性且加工困难。加入纤维增强后，可显著提高强度、韧性并提升使用温度。
陶瓷中的增韧纤维在受力时被拔出，消耗能量。耗能越多，材料的韧性就越好。
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